Antibiotics are substances of biological or semi-synthetic origin. They are used in medical practice to combat pathogenic microbes and viruses. Before the advent of these medications, typhoid fever, dysentery, pneumonia, and tuberculosis had the status of incurable diseases. Today, treatment of infectious diseases is possible with the use of 1-6 generations of antibiotics.
At this moment, the pharmacological industry produces more than 2000 varieties of drugs of this type. Doctors have described the effects of about 600 positions, and about 120-160 drugs are used in medical practice.
Important! For any disease, it is recommended to take antibiotics after consulting a doctor. Otherwise, antibiotic resistance may develop (decreased sensitivity of pathogenic microorganisms to antibacterial agents).
Description of the drug
The product in question is used in medical practice to improve blood circulation in the body, which allows the tissues to be saturated with oxygen and essential nutrients. This has a positive effect on the functioning of all internal organs and systems. Since a deficiency of oxygen and minerals in cells often develops during pregnancy, many women are prescribed Riboxin during pregnancy.
It is known that during the period of bearing a child, many women suffer from exacerbation of cardiovascular diseases. The drug helps restore heart rhythm, improve blood circulation in myocardial tissues, and prevent the development of various complications.
Tablets are used to treat and prevent conditions associated with fetal hypoxia. In addition, Riboxin has a positive effect on the liver and is used for hepatitis and other diseases of the organ.
New generation antibacterial agents
The difference between the latest generations of antibiotics and their earlier versions is a more advanced formula of the active substance. Active components specifically eliminate only pathological reactions in the cell. For example, new generation intestinal antibiotics do not disrupt the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract. At the same time, they fight an entire “army” of infectious agents.
The newest antibacterial drugs are divided into five groups:
- Tetracycline – tetracycline.
- Aminoglycosides – streptomycin.
- Penicillin series - amoxicillin and others.
- Amphenicols – chloramphenicol.
- Carbapenem group – meropenem, imipenem, invaz.
Let's consider several well-known antimicrobial agents of imported and Russian production.
Amoxicillin is an imported antimicrobial drug from the penicillin group. Used in medical practice to treat bacterial infections. Effective for intestinal infections, sinusitis, sore throat, Lyme disease, dysentery, sepsis.
Avelox is the latest generation of medications from the group of fluoroquinolones. It has a strong effect on bacterial and atypical pathogens. Does not harm the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract. Used for acute and chronic diseases.
Cephalosporins are third generation antibiotics. This group includes Ceftibuten, Ceftriaxone and others. Used to treat pyelonephritis and pneumonia. In general, these are safe products with few side effects. However, they should be taken only after consulting a doctor. There are many medications, but a specialist will recommend which one to choose.
Doriprex is an imported antimicrobial drug of synthetic origin. Showed good results in the treatment of pneumonia, advanced intra-abdominal infections, pyelonephritis.
Invaz is an antibacterial agent from the carbapenem group. Available in ampoules for parenteral administration. Shows a rapid effect in the treatment of bacterial disorders of the skin, soft tissues, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, septicemia.
Augmetin is a third generation semi-synthetic penicillin with the addition of enhancing inhibitors. Pediatricians recognize it as the best comprehensive medication for the treatment of childhood sinusitis, bronchitis, tonsillitis and other respiratory tract infections.
Cefamandole is a Russian-made antibacterial agent. Belongs to the group of third generation cephalosporins. Used to treat intestinal infections, pathogens of genital infections. As an antimicrobial agent with a wide range of effects, it is used for colds.
Indications during pregnancy
Many women are interested in the question of why Riboxin is prescribed during pregnancy and whether this drug is safe for the fetus. This is not surprising, because many medications are prohibited during this period, as they can provoke undesirable consequences, including premature birth. Clinical studies have shown that the drug in therapeutic doses does not pose any threat to mother and child. Riboxin for pregnant women is used strictly as prescribed by a doctor.
During pregnancy, the medicine is used only as prescribed by a doctor.
Indications for use of the drug are as follows:
- coronary heart disease, including heart rhythm disturbances, coronary insufficiency, myocardial infarction;
- changes in heart rate caused by taking cardiac glycosides;
- pathological changes in myocardial tissue;
- heart defects;
- open-angle glaucoma;
- liver pathologies, including hepatitis;
- severe forms of placental insufficiency;
- fetal hypoxia;
- atherosclerosis;
- dysfunction of the endocrine system due to depletion of the heart muscle against the background of various pathologies.
In addition, the drug is indicated for pregnant women with a sedentary lifestyle, rapid weight gain, poor diet, and impaired renal function. For smoking women, tablets are prescribed to prevent various defects in the fetus.
Riboxin helps reduce the manifestations of toxicosis, as it helps to establish metabolic processes and remove harmful breakdown products from the body.
Important! In most cases, the medicine is used as a prophylactic during the delicate period.
Contraindications
Despite the fact that the product is approved for use by pregnant women, it can only be used as prescribed by a specialist. This is explained by a fairly wide list of contraindications.
It is forbidden to use tablets and injections if there is an individual intolerance to the drug, an imbalance of purine bases or uric acid in the urine. Riboxin is contraindicated for gout. Treatment is carried out with extreme caution among patients with diabetes mellitus, kidney and liver dysfunction.
The drug has a number of contraindications
Before prescribing the drug, a woman must undergo a comprehensive medical examination and tests. The specialist individually decides on the advisability of prescribing the drug, selects the dosage and duration of administration.
Directions for use and doses
To achieve the desired therapeutic effect, Riboxin is used orally, intravenously and for setting up IVs. The method of administration usually depends on the woman’s disease and the presence of certain symptoms. The medicine is not used intramuscularly.
Tablets are prescribed in a dosage of 60 to 80 mg per day. At the same time, the patient's condition is monitored. If necessary, the dose is increased to 120 mg per day. The maximum daily amount of the drug should not exceed 240 mg per day. The duration of curative treatment ranges from 4 weeks to 3 months.
Treatment of moderately severe conditions involves drip administration of Riboxin. The initial dosage is usually 10 ml of a 2% solution, which is diluted with 5% sodium chloride. If well tolerated, the amount of medication is increased to 20 ml. The therapeutic course lasts up to 15 days.
In case of acute cardiac arrhythmia and decreased cardiac conduction, the medicine is administered as a stream. Typically, a single dose of 10–20 ml of a 2% solution is used.
During drip or jet administration, the patient should be under close supervision of medical personnel.
By composition
Antibacterial drugs are divided into 6 groups:
- Penicillins are the first antimicrobial drugs, obtained back in 1928 from a biological substance (Penicillium fungi). For a long time they remained the most popular medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases.
- Cephalosporins belong to the group of the most powerful antimicrobial agents with a wide range of applications. They completely destroy pathogenic flora and are well tolerated by humans.
- Macrolides are the name of a group of narrow-range antimicrobial agents. They do not destroy the diseased cell, but only stop its growth. This category includes the following drugs: erythromycin, spiramycin, azithromycin.
- Tetracyclines are good drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases of the respiratory and urinary tract.
- Fluoroquinolones are antimicrobial agents with a wide range of effects. Completely destroy pathogenic microorganisms. You can find 1st-2nd generation medications on sale. Doctors usually prescribe them to combat Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Aminoglycosides are antimicrobial drugs with a wide range of applications. Popular drugs in this group - streptomycin (therapy of tuberculosis, plague) and gentamicin - are used as ointments, eye drops, and injections for ophthalmic infections.
Generations of drugs. Advanced antimicrobial drugs already have six generations. For example, penicillin was the first drug of natural origin, while the third or sixth generation is an already improved version, which includes the strongest inhibitors. The relationship is direct: the newer the generation, the more effective the effect of drugs on pathogenic microflora.
By method of administration. Oral – taken by mouth. These are various syrups, tablets, soluble capsules, suspensions. Parenteral - administered intravenously or intramuscularly. They work faster than oral medications. Rectal medications are injected into the rectum.
Important! Taking antibiotics is allowed only after consulting a doctor, otherwise antibiotic resistance will develop.
Possible side effects
Reviews about Riboxin are mostly positive, the drug is well tolerated by patients. Side effects may develop if you are allergic to the drug. In this case, the woman experiences itching, irritability of the dermis, redness, and rashes in the form of hives.
Uneven use of the drug sometimes provokes the development of side effects
Long courses of treatment sometimes lead to exacerbation of gout symptoms and an increase in the concentration of uric acid in the blood. To prevent such consequences, you should undergo regular tests, which will help monitor the condition of your blood and urine.
If negative signs appear, you should discontinue therapy with the drug and consult your doctor. Usually, after stopping taking Riboxin, unwanted symptoms go away on their own. It should be noted that even if side effects occur in the mother, they do not affect the health of the fetus.
Important! There have been no cases of drug overdose in medical practice.
Summary
We reviewed Russian and imported broad-spectrum antibiotics and briefly described the classification of drugs. Let's answer the question: which antibacterial agents to choose?
It is important to understand that antimicrobial drugs for extensive use are toxic and therefore negatively affect the microflora. In addition, bacteria mutate, which means the drugs lose their effectiveness. Therefore, antibacterial agents with the latest structure will be a priority over their earlier counterparts.
Self-medication with antibiotics is dangerous to health. In case of an infectious disease, the first step is to consult a doctor. The specialist will determine the cause of the disease and prescribe effective antibacterial agents. Self-medication “at random” leads to the development of antibiotic resistance.
special instructions
Throughout therapy with the medication in question, the concentration of uric acid in the pregnant woman’s body should be monitored.
If the patient suffers from diabetes, she should take into account that 1 tablet corresponds to 0.00641 bread units.
The drug is not a narcotic or potent drug and does not affect concentration, therefore, during therapy, driving vehicles and potentially dangerous equipment is allowed.
Classification of antibiotics
All antibacterial agents can be divided into 5 categories according to their characteristics and range of application. Let's take a closer look at this classification:
Mechanism of action:
- Bactericidal - the active substances of the drugs completely destroy bacteria and viruses. After taking such strong drugs, all pathogenic microflora in the human body dies.
- Bacteriostatic – inhibits the growth or spread of viruses. Thus, the cells remain “alive” without forming pathogenic flora.
Drug interactions
When Riboxin is combined with antianginal, inotropic, and antiarrhythmic drugs, the effect of the latter is enhanced.
In combination with antidepressants, the therapeutic effect of the drug is reduced. When taken together with vitamin B6, the effect of both medications is reduced to zero.
Intravenous administration is prohibited along with alkaloids, as this leads to the formation of insoluble chemical compounds.
Riboxin does not combine with certain medications
It is recommended to mix the solution only with the compounds specified in the instructions; mixing with other medications can provoke a negative interaction of the medicinal components with each other.
What can be replaced
Analogues of the drug include:
- Vero-Riboxin is a metabolic agent that is produced in the form of capsules, tablets and solution for injections.
- Inosine – has antiarrhythmic, metabolic, antihypoxic effects. Used to restore metabolic processes in cardiovascular and other diseases.
- Riboxin Bufus is available in the form of ampoules with a solution for injection. Prescribed for the treatment and prevention of coronary heart disease, after myocardial infarction, and liver pathologies.
- Riboxin-Darnitsa is another widely used analogue, which can be found in the form of capsules and tablets for oral administration, as well as in ampoules.
- Ribonosine - improves metabolic processes, restores coronary circulation, participates in glucose metabolism, improves nutrition of areas of the myocardium that have succumbed to ischemia.
Each of the analogues has its own contraindications. Treatment with their help is recommended only after consultation with a specialist.
Spectrum of action
There are antibacterial agents:
Patient reviews
Natalya, Moscow “I read about Riboxin that the drug cannot be used during pregnancy, since it has not passed the necessary clinical studies. When the doctor prescribed me this particular remedy at 36 weeks, to be honest, I was amazed and even began to argue with the specialist. During the conversation, the doctor will explain to me that the medicine is often used among expectant mothers and it has shown itself to work well in practice. I still completed the course of treatment, fortunately, I did not experience any side effects or complications.”
Anastasia, Tver “Since birth, I was diagnosed with a heart defect that cannot be treated. The doctors unanimously told me that I might not survive pregnancy and childbirth, but my husband and I firmly decided to try. Fortunately, my attending physician turned out to be a wonderful specialist. I also took Riboxin in combination with other medications. The child was born at seven months old, but everything worked out and now the daughter is already 3 years old. By the way, I still take Riboxin in courses of 3 weeks once a year.”
Yulia, Minsk “During pregnancy, I experienced more frequent attacks of tachycardia, since I have been suffering from coronary heart disease for a long time. After the course of treatment I felt much better, shortness of breath and palpitations went away. After the birth of the baby, I continue to take the drug for 3 weeks once a year.”
Anna, Voronezh “All my life I suffered from excess weight, and when I became pregnant, the weight began to gain even faster. The doctor prescribed me Riboxin to enhance metabolic processes and maintain the cardiovascular system, which, as he explained, was under enormous stress. I took pills for a month. During the entire period of treatment I did not notice any side effects. The advantages would include the inexpensive cost and availability of the medicine.”
