Ketorol is an effective pain reliever. The medicine belongs to the group of anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs. In addition to the analgesic effect, the drug reduces inflammation and swelling. In addition, ketorol, the instructions indicate this, has antipyretic properties.
Composition, forms and effects of the drug
The strong analgesic effect of the drug is provided by the main active substance - ketorolac tromethamine. Other components may vary depending on the manufacturer, so be sure to read the instructions.
The effect after taking the medicine is comparable to the effect of morphine. But at the same time, ketorol is a safer drug to use. The product can be used to combat different types of pain, the causes of which are any pathological conditions. It is used to eliminate symptoms and to treat specific diseases that are accompanied by swelling and fever.
The drug is produced in the form of:
- Tablets in a green soluble shell (with the amount of active substance - 10 mg).
- Transparent solution for intramuscular and intravenous administration (with an amount of active substance -30 mg/ml).
- Transparent, homogeneous gel (2%).
The most popular is the tablet form. After taking the drug, the active substance is completely absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract in the shortest possible time. Wherein:
- The maximum concentration in the blood is reached after an hour.
- Antipyretic and analgesic effects are observed after 30 minutes.
- Fatty foods slow down the absorption of the active substance.
Indications and contraindications for use
In order not to cause harm, it is important to know what ketorol helps with. Most often, ketorol, the instructions for use confirms this, is used as a symptomatic remedy to relieve headaches, dental and menstrual pain, as well as pain in the joints. In complex therapy, the drug is prescribed for the development of cancer and in the postoperative period.
The medicine is indicated to alleviate conditions in the following pathologies:
- Rheumatoid diseases.
- Spinal diseases and radiculitis.
- Ligament ruptures and muscle sprains.
Ketorol, like any non-steroidal drugs, is prohibited for use in the presence of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Otherwise, the risk of gastric bleeding increases. The drug is not prescribed to patients under 16 years of age or during pregnancy and lactation. You should stop using the medicine if you are hypersensitive to the components of the drug, as well as if you have the following pathologies:
- Bronchial asthma.
- Hyperkalemia.
- Heart failure.
- Liver and kidney diseases.
- Stroke.
There are other diseases for which the doctor recommends taking the drug with caution. These are chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, various nervous system disorders, etc.
Ketorol, for which a prescription is required, should not be taken with a number of other medications:
- Pentoxifylline.
- Acetylsalicylic acid.
- Anticoagulants.
- Lithium salts.
- Probenecid.
When taking the drug simultaneously with alcoholic beverages, the risks of intoxication of the body increase.
Indications
Solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration, tablets
Pain syndrome of severe and moderate severity: trauma, toothache, pain in the postpartum and postoperative period, cancer, myalgia, arthralgia, neuralgia, radiculitis, dislocations, sprains, rheumatic diseases. Intended for symptomatic therapy, reducing pain and inflammation at the time of use, does not affect the progression of the disease.
Eye drops
Temporary relief of itching in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis; treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients undergoing cataract extraction.
Gel for external use
Local use for pain relief: for injuries (soft tissue bruise, soft tissue inflammation, including post-traumatic origin, ligament damage, bursitis, tendonitis, epicondylitis, synovitis); for pain in muscles (myalgia) and joints (arthralgia), neuralgia, radiculitis, rheumatic diseases. Intended for symptomatic therapy, reducing the intensity of pain and inflammation at the time of use, does not affect the progression of the disease.
Dosage and recommendations for treatment
In the postoperative period, tablets are usually prescribed, the price of which is affordable. This especially applies to cases where the instructions for use exclude ketorol injections against the background of certain consequences of operations. To relieve pain of any etiology, take one tablet. In case of intense severe pain, repeated use is allowed up to 4 times a day with a break of 4-6 hours. The duration of treatment is 5 days.
Ketorol tablets, the instructions for use emphasize this, should not be taken for any stomach problems. In this case, you need to purchase ketorol injection ampoules. In particular, intramuscular administration is indicated for persistent vomiting or difficulty swallowing. When they ask ketorol injections what they help with, experts often indicate radiculitis. In this case, the pain caused by this pathology can be dealt with quickly. Injections can be repeated with a break of 4 hours.
Ketorol gel is applied in a thin layer to clean and dried skin in areas of pain. Then rub in with soft massage movements. Procedures can be repeated 3-4 times a day until pain is relieved. The break between them is at least 4 hours. The duration of use of the gel is no more than 10 days.
Side effects
Solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration, tablets
According to WHO, adverse events are classified as follows: very common (≥10%); often (≥1%, <10%); uncommon (≥0.1%, <1%); rare (≥0.01%, <0.1%); very rare (<0.01%); frequency unknown (frequency cannot be determined from available data).
Allergic reactions: uncommon - anaphylaxis or anaphylactoid reactions (change in facial skin color, skin rash, urticaria, skin itching, tachypnea or dyspnea, swelling of the eyelids, periorbital edema, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, heaviness in the chest).
Local reactions: often - burning or pain at the site of parenteral administration.
From the side of the central nervous system: very often - headache; often - dizziness, drowsiness, increased sweating; uncommon - tremor, unusual dreams, hallucinations, euphoria, extrapyramidal symptoms, vertigo, paresthesia, depression, insomnia, nervousness, pathological thinking, loss of concentration, hyperkinesis, confusion (stupor), aseptic meningitis (fever, severe headache, convulsions, stiffness of the neck and/or back muscles), psychosis, fainting.
From the skin: often - itching, rash (including maculopapular); uncommon - urticaria, toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome), malignant exudative erythema (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), exfoliative dermatitis (fever with or without chills, flushing, thickening or peeling of the skin, enlargement and/or tenderness of the tonsils).
From the urinary system: uncommon - hematuria, proteinuria, urinary retention, oliguria, polyuria, frequent urination, acute renal failure, low back pain with or without hematuria and/or azotemia, interstitial nephritis, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hemolyticouremic syndrome (hemolytic anemia, renal failure, thrombocytopenia, purpura).
From the digestive system: very often - gastralgia, dyspepsia, nausea; often - diarrhea, constipation, flatulence, feeling of fullness in the stomach, vomiting, stomatitis; uncommon - increased or decreased appetite, anorexia, erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract (including with perforation and/or bleeding - abdominal pain, spasm or burning in the epigastric region, blood in the stool or melena, vomiting with blood or type coffee grounds, nausea, heartburn), cholestatic jaundice, hepatitis, hepatomegaly, acute pancreatitis, polydipsia, dry mouth; frequency unknown - exacerbation of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease.
From the hematopoietic organs: often - purpura; infrequently - anemia, eosinophilia.
From the respiratory system: infrequently - bronchospasm or shortness of breath, pulmonary edema, rhinitis, laryngeal edema (difficulty breathing).
From the senses: infrequently - taste disturbance, visual impairment (including blurred visual perception), hearing loss, ringing in the ears.
From the cardiovascular system: often - increased blood pressure; infrequently - palpitations, pallor of the skin, fainting, hyperemia; frequency unknown - decreased blood pressure, heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke.
From the hemostatic system: infrequently - bleeding from a postoperative wound, nosebleeds, rectal bleeding.
Other: often - swelling; uncommon - weight gain, fever, infections, asthenia, increased sweating, swelling of the tongue; frequency unknown - increased concentrations of urea and creatinine in the blood plasma.
Eye drops
Clinical studies of ketorolac in the form of eye drops revealed the following side effects.
On the part of the organ of vision: very often - eye irritation, eye pain, short-term burning sensation, foreign body sensation and blurred vision; often - conjunctival hyperemia, superficial keratitis, iritis, swelling of the eye and/or eyelid, eye infection; uncommon - corneal ulcer, corneal infiltrate, epiphora, dry eyes, iritis, temporary blurred vision; rarely - corneal damage (thinning, erosion, epithelial rupture or perforation).
From the immune system: often - hypersensitivity reactions, urticaria, rash, itching, angioedema, anaphylactic reactions.
From the respiratory system: frequency unknown - bronchospasm, exacerbation of bronchial asthma.
From the nervous system: infrequently - headache.
Systemic reactions: frequency unknown - increased blood pressure, nasal congestion, increased heart rate, as well as prolongation of blood clotting time and increased bleeding of the operated eye with intraocular use of NSAIDs.
From the side of the cornea. The use of local forms of NSAIDs can lead to the development of keratitis. In some sensitive patients, long-term use of NSAIDs may result in destruction of the corneal epithelium, thinning of the cornea, and development of corneal erosion, ulceration, or perforation, which may threaten vision. Patients with signs of corneal impairment should immediately discontinue use of NSAIDs, including ketorolac eye drops, and closely monitor their corneal condition.
Post-marketing experience with NSAIDs suggests that in patients with complications from ocular surgery, corneal denervation, corneal epithelial defects, diabetes mellitus, certain syndromes (eg, dry eye syndrome), rheumatoid arthritis, or repeated ocular surgery within a short period of time may There may be an increased risk of corneal side effects, which may be vision-threatening. Topical NSAIDs should be used with caution in these patients.
Post-marketing experience with NSAIDs also suggests that use of topical NSAIDs more than 1 day before surgery or for more than 14 days after surgery may increase the risk and severity of corneal side effects.
Cross-hypersensitivity to acetylsalicylic acid, phenylacetic acid and other NSAIDs is possible. Therefore, caution should be exercised when using ketorolac in patients who have previously demonstrated hypersensitivity to these drugs.
Gel for external use
Local reactions: itching, urticaria, peeling.
If any adverse reactions occur, you should stop using ketorolac in the form of a gel for external use.
When applying the gel to large areas of the skin, the development of systemic adverse reactions is possible: heartburn, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, gastralgia, ulceration of the gastrointestinal mucosa, increased activity of liver transaminases; headache, dizziness; fluid retention, hematuria; allergic reactions (anaphylactic shock, skin rash); thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia, agranulocytosis, prolongation of bleeding time.
