The main factors contributing to the development of edema are changes in the biochemical composition of blood plasma and tissue fluid, hormonal changes, increased capillary permeability, difficulty in the outflow of venous blood and lymph, impaired gas exchange and excretory function of the kidneys, congestion in heart failure, a sedentary lifestyle and critical ischemia, when a person is forced to sleep with his leg down due to pain.
True edema can be local and general. With general edema, fluid accumulates throughout the body; with local edema, it lingers on the diseased area of the body. Each of these two species has many varieties. Let's look at the main ones.
Diuretics: what are they?
Diuretics are medications that speed up the formation of urine and its elimination from the body.
Such drugs are prescribed primarily to combat tissue swelling due to diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidneys and liver, as well as to treat severe pathological conditions that require rapid fluid reduction.
All diuretics differ in the mechanism of their diuretic effect. The pharmacological property of the drugs is their effect on the epithelium of the renal tubules, where urine formation occurs.
In addition, some medications affect certain enzymes and hormonal substances that are responsible for normal kidney function.
Allergic rhinitis: how to get rid of symptoms
Allergic rhinitis (allergic runny nose)
is one of the most common diseases with which people turn to an allergist for help or seek salvation at the pharmacy.
The prevalence of pathology among the population of our country alone ranges from 11 to 24%. Allergic rhinitis (AR)
is an inflammatory lesion of the nasal mucosa that occurs as a result of an allergic reaction - immediate hypersensitivity.
After contact with the allergen, a complex of symptoms develops - this usually takes from a few seconds to 15-20 minutes.
Characteristic symptoms of AR include:
• itching and burning in the nose, frequent paroxysmal sneezing; • copious mucous discharge from a swollen nose; • difficulty in nasal breathing, decreased sense of smell; • swelling, itching and irritation of the eyes, lacrimation, a burning sensation, photophobia, a feeling of sand in the eyes.
There may be irritation, swelling, redness of the skin above the upper lip and at the wings of the nose; scratches in the nose area due to constant involuntary scratching of the tip of the nose; pain in the ears, throat, soreness; weakness, malaise, irritability, increased fatigue, impaired concentration and sleep.
There are two forms of the disease:
• seasonal AR (hay fever, hay fever), which is caused by contact with plant pollen; • year-round AR, its cause is allergens with which a person constantly comes into contact (house dust, dust mites, medications, food, yeast and mold allergens).
It is most often impossible to eliminate the presence of allergens, so AR requires adequate drug treatment. Therapy is selected taking into account the severity of clinical manifestations. Currently, a stepwise approach to the treatment of allergic rhinitis has been developed.
1st stage
In case of mild severity and short-term intermittent (characterized by periodic ups and downs) course of allergic rhinitis, it is recommended to take systemic (oral) antihistamines of the second generation.
Products with the active ingredient desloratadine have proven themselves to be effective in the treatment of AR: ESLONTIN ,
EZLOR , DEZLORATADINE VERTEX .
These are non-sedating long-acting antihistamines (up to 24 hours). Products based on desloratadine prevent the development and alleviate the course of allergic reactions, have antipruritic and antiexudative effects, reduce capillary permeability, and prevent the development of tissue edema and smooth muscle spasm. Desloratadine has no effect on the central nervous system, has virtually no sedative effect (does not cause drowsiness) and does not affect the speed of psychomotor reactions.
Topical (local) H1 antagonists may be the treatment of choice or used in addition to systemic antihistamines. In cases where nasal congestion is a severe symptom and needs correction, intranasal vasoconstrictors (decongestants) should be used in short courses.
FRINOZOL is recommended for pathogenetic and symptomatic treatment.
(cetirizine + phenylephrine), which has a vasoconstrictor and antiallergic effect. The drug contains an auxiliary humectant glycerol, which promotes moisture retention, which helps provide hydration for dry and irritated nasal mucosa. The recommended dose for adults is 1-2 injections into each nasal passage 2-3 times a day. The drug should not be used continuously for more than 7 days!
OXYFRINE) is also indicated as vasoconstrictors
,
IVILECT
,
Babyfrin
,
OTRIVIN EXPRESS
).
2nd stage
Used for mild and persistent (long-term) AR. In cases where ASIT (allergen-specific immunotherapy), courses of antihistamine therapy and short-term courses of decongestants are not effective enough in suppressing the symptoms of hay fever, treatment with mast cell membrane stabilizers (sodium cromoglycate, nedocromil sodium) in combination with the use of H1-antagonists is necessary.
3rd stage
Used for moderate severity, persistent (long-term) course. If the treatment described in the previous steps does not have an effect, the doctor may consider prescribing topical (local) corticosteroids. One of the points of comprehensive treatment of AR is reducing the patient’s contact with allergens. It is for this purpose (for rinsing and cleaning the nose) that saline nasal solutions (LINAQUA, AQUA MARIS) can be used on a regular basis. They are distinguished by ease of use, safety, and the possibility of use in complex pharmacotherapy.
THERE ARE CONTRAINDICATIONS, YOU MUST READ THE INSTRUCTIONS OR CONSULT WITH A SPECIALIST. BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUPPLEMENT. NOT A MEDICINE.
Indications for diuretics
The main indications for taking diuretics are the following conditions:
- Elimination of swelling of cells and tissues as a result of varying degrees of heart failure and vascular diseases.
- Kidney pathologies.
- Normalization of high blood pressure.
- Removal of toxic and other harmful substances from the body due to poisoning.
- Ascites.
- Liver cirrhosis.
- Glaucoma.
- Osteoporosis.
Edema is the main symptom of pathological conditions of the heart, blood vessels and dysfunction of the excretory system. Fluid accumulation is associated with retention of high amounts of sodium. The mechanism of action of diuretics is precisely that it removes sodium from the body, thereby eliminating swelling.
At high blood pressure levels, increased sodium content negatively affects the tone of blood vessels, leading to their narrowing. Therefore, taking diuretics removes this element from the body, increasing the lumen of blood vessels and normalizing blood pressure.
Due to poisoning, a certain amount of toxins and harmful compounds is reduced during kidney function. However, in order to speed up their elimination, patients are necessarily prescribed diuretics. First, patients are given an intravenous infusion of medicinal solutions, and then diuretics are administered, which, together with the liquid, eliminate toxic substances from the body.
Causes of edema
When kidney function is impaired, water and salt are retained in the body, which leads to edema. In addition, with some kidney diseases, the amount of protein in the blood decreases (it is excreted in the urine), which also causes swelling.
If there is vascular disease from the heart, then blood and lymph tend to accumulate and put pressure on the walls of blood vessels. If the permeability of the vein walls is increased, then water will accumulate in the body. There are diseases that lead to the accumulation of water: thrombophlebitis, CVI, varicose veins; protein deficiency (hypoproteinemia); renal failure; hormonal imbalance; allergic reactions; heart disease; diabetes; cirrhosis of the liver; lymphedema; injuries.
One of the common causes of edema is insufficient lymphatic drainage, when fluid does not flow out of the tissues at the proper rate. Lymphatic vessels have valves and muscles that regulate the flow of lymph. But with age, in case of poor heredity or with additional stress (for example, during pregnancy), they cease to cope with their task - and edema forms.
We recommend keeping a diary and recording the circumference of your right and left ankle at different times, as well as the circumstances under which the swelling appeared, such as hot weather. This will help to identify under what circumstances the swelling appeared and what is causing it. The cause of the development of lymphedema can be a constant static load when a person is sitting or standing. At the slightest sign of any swelling, you should consult a phlebologist, lymphologist or therapist.
Contraindications of drugs
The use of diuretics is not always advisable. There are certain conditions that prohibit the use of this type of medicine. These include:
- Low potassium levels in the blood.
- Individual intolerance to sulfonamide substances.
- Severe form of respiratory failure.
- Acute kidney diseases.
- Any type of diabetes.
An implicit contraindication to taking diuretics is ventricular arrhythmia. This clinical condition requires adjustment of the therapeutic dose and strict medical supervision.
Diuretic tablets for edema
To combat swelling, the most effective drugs are:
- Lasix is a loop diuretic that prevents sodium and chlorine retention.
- Britomar is available in the form of tablets for oral administration. Has long-term therapeutic activity.
- Diuver is a loop diuretic medicine. Often prescribed for heart failure and severe edema.
All medications have contraindications, so they must be taken as prescribed by a specialist.
What else can be done to relieve swelling?
Additional measures can also help reduce swelling after implantation:
- Drug therapy. Take antibacterial, antihistamine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs prescribed by your doctor.
- Antiseptic baths. The dentist may prescribe rinses with chlorhexidine, chamomile decoction and other means to prevent inflammation and associated tissue swelling.
- Sleep with your upper body elevated. You can use several pillows for this. In this position, conditions are created for the outflow of fluid from the surgical area.
- Elimination of irritating factors. In the first days after installation of the implant, avoid eating hot, salty, spicy foods, coffee, and alcohol-containing drinks.
- Elimination of temperature changes. You cannot take hot baths or steam.
- Reducing overloads. In the first weeks, give up sports training, and also try to avoid stress.
Diuretic pills for weight loss
Taking diuretics has a positive effect on weight loss. This is due to a decrease in excess fluid in the body, acceleration of metabolism and a decrease in appetite. However, you should take medications carefully to avoid side effects. Therefore, you should consult your doctor first.
List of effective diuretics for weight loss:
- Furosemide.
- Hypothiazide.
- Veroshpiron.
- Phytonephrol.
- Phytolysin.
How to reduce tissue swelling after implant installation?
Although swelling of the gums after implantation and swelling of the adjacent soft tissues are expected and considered normal, this condition must be dealt with. To do this, prepare gauze or clean, thin cotton towels at home in advance and freeze a large number of ice cubes.
Immediately after surgery:
- remove the ice from the freezer, put it in a plastic bag and wrap it in a towel;
- Sit in a comfortable place, with your upper body elevated;
- apply the prepared cold bundle to the cheek on the side where the implantation was performed;
- hold the cold compress for five to seven minutes, then take a 10-minute break and repeat the procedure.
Apply ice according to the described scheme several times for one and a half to two hours. On the first day, it is allowed to do several such approaches, in agreement with the doctor.
