Common immunoglobulin E (IgE) - what is this test and why is it done?

Synonyms: determination of total IgE, immunoglobulin E, immunoglobulin E total, immunoglobulin class E, IgE, IgG total, Immunoglobulin E.

Related tests: allergy screening: inhalation, food, inhalation-food, pediatric panels, complete blood count.

Determination of total IgE is carried out to identify allergies. This indicator is also used as an additional method for differentiating atopic diseases with an allergic component among a variety of pathologies clinically manifested as asthma, frequent respiratory diseases, chronic rhinitis, dermatitis, chronic diarrhea and others.

Immunoglobulin E (Ig E) general - diagnosis of allergic conditions

Material for research: blood serum.

Research method: IECHL.

Execution time: 1 working day.

Blood collection for general Immunoglobulin E (Ig E) is performed at all BRIGHT-Bio points.

Determination of the content of total Ig E in blood serum is used to diagnose atopic allergic diseases.

Preparation for the study: blood is taken on an empty stomach. At least 8 hours (preferably 12 hours) must pass between the last meal and the test. Juice, tea, coffee (especially with sugar) are not allowed. You can drink water.

The half-life of immunoglobulin class E ( Ig E) is 3 days in blood serum, and 14 days on the membranes of mast cells and basophils. The mechanism of atopic allergic reactions is closely related to immunoglobulins E. They have the ability to quickly fix on skin cells, mucous membranes, mast cells and basophils, therefore free Ig E is present in the blood plasma in small quantities. In addition to participating in type 1 allergic reactions , Ig E also takes part in protective anthelminthic immunity, which is due to the existence of cross-linking between Ig E and the helminth antigen.

Elevated Ig E in children with allergies and hypersensitivity to a large number of allergens are detected more often than in children with hypersensitivity to a small number of allergens, as well as in children whose target organs are not involved in the allergic process. Ig E levels in sick children with hypersensitivity to food and pollen allergens is higher than in children with hypersensitivity to house dust and mold.

In adults, determining the level of Ig E has less diagnostic value than in children. Elevated levels of Ig E are detected only in 60% of patients suffering from atopic bronchial asthma. The highest values ​​of Ig E in the blood are observed with hypersensitivity to a large number of allergens in combination with asthma, dermatitis and rhinitis. With hypersensitivity to one allergen, the level of total Ig E may be within normal limits.

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is accompanied by a significant increase in the level of Ig E in the blood. Its concentration is increased in almost every patient with allergic aspergillosis during the period of pulmonary infiltration.

Ig E level in patients with active lung disease excludes the diagnosis of aspergillosis.

When assessing the results of determining total Ig E , it should be borne in mind that in approximately 30% of patients with atopic diseases, the level of this immunoglobulin may be within normal limits.

When diagnosing an allergy, it is not enough to note an increase in total Ig E in the blood. Ig E antibodies against it.

Since the beginning of 2011, the BRIGHT-Bio laboratory has been determining allergen-specific Ig E in blood serum to various allergens grouped in panels.

• Allergy panel Polycheck Pediatric No1 (APPd1)

BRIGHT-Bio is making efforts to expand the list of Allergy panels.

The detection of allergen-specific Ig E (to any allergen or antigen) does not yet prove that this particular allergen is responsible for the clinical symptoms. The final conclusion and interpretation of the results should be made only after comparison with the clinical picture and allergy history data. The absence of specific Ig E in the blood serum does not exclude the possibility of participation in the pathogenesis of the disease Ig E -dependent mechanism, since local synthesis of Ig E and sensitization of mast cells can occur in the absence of specific Ig E in the bloodstream (for example, with allergic rhinitis).

Preparation

The IgE immunoglobulin test is carried out strictly on an empty stomach. For the study, nurses at the Yusupov Hospital collect venous blood, observing the rules of asepsis and antiseptics. Before the test, it is not recommended to eat food for 10-12 hours, and fatty foods and alcohol should be excluded from the diet one day before the test. You can drink clean still water.

During the several days preceding the study, patients are not given an ultrasound examination, IVs are not placed, and X-rays are not taken. They are not recommended to visit the solarium, sauna or sunbathing. 2-3 days before the study you need to stop playing sports and fitness. The IgE immunoglobulin test is carried out within 3 days. The results of the study in complex cases are discussed at a meeting of the expert council. Doctors at the Yusupov Hospital make a collective decision on further treatment tactics for the patient.

Norm and changes in indicators

The normal concentration of immunoglobulin IgE in newborns is considered to be up to 1.5 IU/ml, in children 1-5 years old - up to 60.0 IU/ml, 6-9 years old - up to 90.0 IU/ml, 10-15 years old - up to 200 .0 IU/ml. Normally, the level of immunoglobulin IgE does not exceed 100.0 IU/ml. Total immunoglobulin e IgE may be high in patients receiving penicillin antibacterial drugs, but decreased when taking phenytoin.

An increase in the level of immunoglobulin IgE is observed in patients suffering from atopic allergic diseases (allergic rhinitis, atopic bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic gastroenteropathy). Immunoglobulin IgE may be high in patients with the following diseases:

• anaphylactic reactions (systemic anaphylaxis, angioedema);
• allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis;
• helminthiasis;
• hyper-IgE syndrome (Job syndrome);
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome;
• selective IGA deficiency;
• thymic aplasia (DiGeorge syndrome);
• IgE myeloma.

The concentration of immunoglobulin Ig e increases in the case of graft-versus-host disease. A decrease in the level of immunoglobulin IgE may indicate a significant deterioration in the function of the immune system, the presence of immunodeficiency or myeloma.

Make an appointment with an immunologist at the Yusupov Hospital by calling. The doctor will conduct an examination and prescribe an IgE immunoglobulin test. After discussing the results of the study, treatment will be prescribed.

Indications

Only a specialist (immunologist, allergist, general practitioner, pediatrician, etc.) can interpret the results. When diagnosing, the general clinical picture of the disease, features of the allergy history, etc. are important.

• Assessment of the risk of developing allergies in children (in this case, the concentration of immunoglobulin is considered as a prognostic indicator);
• Study and assessment of the state of the immune system as a whole;
• Diagnosis of helminthic infestations;
• Differential diagnosis of all allergic reactions with similar symptoms;
• Selection of treatment tactics for pulmonary aspergillosis (pathology caused by a moldy fungus of the genus Aspergillus);
• Monitoring the effectiveness of treatment of allergic diseases and symptom complexes;
• Diagnosis of certain conditions associated with immunodeficiency;
• Determination of the type and degree of sensitization to a specific allergen.

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