Hypertensive disease stage 3

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Hypertension grade 3, risk 3, is a fairly common disease that affects the cardiovascular system, both in people who have already reached 55 years of age, and in the younger generation, those in the age group of 30 years and older. It is believed that stage 3 hypertension with a risk of 3 is an already advanced and chronic form of the disease, which has developed over several years of life. Treatment of this degree of arterial hypertension requires a more careful approach, regular use by the patient of medications intended to reduce high blood pressure, physical exercise with moderate stress on the heart, adherence to dietary nutrition, exclusion from the diet of dishes containing a high concentration of fats of animal origin, as well as kitchen table salt. Let us consider in more detail what arterial hypertension of degree 3, risk 3, is, as well as what it means when a general practitioner or cardiologist gives this diagnosis to a patient. What consequences can this have for the patient himself?

Symptoms of stage 3 hypertension

From the second degree, hypertension gradually (benign form) or abruptly (malignant) passes into the third. Symptoms of hypertension at stage 3 become noticeable not only to the patient, but also to others. Among the characteristic signs of the disease, in addition to high blood pressure, headaches, numbness of the limbs, tinnitus, etc.:

• impaired coordination of movements;
• permanent vision problems;
• changes in gait, paresis and paralysis associated with cerebrovascular accidents;
• severe arrhythmia;
• hemoptysis;
• vomit;
• fainting.

Important! Hypertensive crises at this stage are accompanied by clouded consciousness, speech disturbances, and severe pain in the heart area. With each attack the situation gets worse. The well-being of a patient with stage 3 hypertension does not allow him to move normally, fully communicate with others and take care of himself.

How does the development of hypertension affect the body?

Hypertension systematically destroys blood vessels, narrowing the lumens. But its effect on the body is not limited to this. First of all, the disease affects target organs:

Classification of arterial hypertension

• heart;
• kidneys;
• brain;
• eyes.

The disease affects the heart by dilating the left ventricle. At the same time, the elastic properties of the myocardium decrease, the walls thicken, which over time leads to the development of heart failure. The risk of heart attack increases.

The kidneys must be fully supplied with blood. If the pressure is constantly high, the blood supply deteriorates, the kidneys do not receive nutrients, and their functions are impaired. At this stage of hypertension, renal failure is often diagnosed.

The brain suffers no less. Sclerotic changes reduce the tone not only of blood vessels, but also of intervertebral arteries. The brain stops receiving the necessary dose of oxygen and nutrients. Against the background of this condition, memory, attention, and intelligence deteriorate, encephalopathy develops, blood clots form, and the likelihood of a stroke increases.

Many patients of cardiologists are faced with such a complication of hypertension as retinal damage. Vessels burst, visual acuity decreases, and a feeling of chronic fatigue appears with minimal stress on the visual organs.

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Consequences of the disease

The forms of the disease are divided according to the degree of risk to the patient’s life. The most severe of them is arterial hypertension of the 3rd degree - the risk of 3 cardiovascular complications (CVD). This means that there are three or more factors influencing the course of the disease. If with stage 2 hypertension the probability of heart attacks and strokes is 20%, then at stage 3 of the disease it increases to 30%.

When diagnosing, the degree of risk of cardiovascular complications is taken into account, which can be used to make a forecast for the next 10 years

Hypertensive crises become prolonged and in some cases end in pulmonary edema, coronary heart disease or cardiac arrest. Accompanying high blood pressure are aggravating syndromes in the form of pathological disorders in the functioning of target organs, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Often these complications of arterial hypertension become the causes of mortality at the age of 55-65 years.

If stage 3 hypertension (risk 3) progresses to stage 4, the person becomes disabled, unable to lead a normal lifestyle and work.

Important! Hypertension in the fourth stage is called isolated. Treatment of vessels worn out to the maximum is to maintain life, and not to eliminate symptoms that medicine cannot get rid of. A person is unable to care for himself and becomes disabled.

Causes of the disease

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The development of grade 3 hypertension with risk 3 is influenced by a large number of factors that have to do with how correctly the attending physician selected the medications used to combat high blood pressure, as well as the lifestyle of the patient himself, whether he cares about the condition of his blood vessels or completely ignores the lifestyle requirements, compliance with which is recommended in the presence of hypertension of this degree. In general, the following reasons are identified, the presence of which leads to the occurrence of stage 3 hypertension with a risk of developing complications 3:

1. Bad habits.

Long-term abuse of alcohol, smoking, and taking drugs leads to the fact that blood vessels wear out, their walls lose their former elasticity and, in the event of a critical load or stressful situation, cannot be stabilized in a timely manner. As a result, a person experiences symptoms characteristic of stage 3 hypertension with a risk of 3. In most cases, the worsening of the health condition with the development of the disease is due to the fact that the patient, already diagnosed with hypertension, continues to drink alcohol, smoke and depend on other harmful drugs. habits that disrupt the functioning of the cardiovascular system.

1. Obesity.

After a patient with the initial stage of hypertension has been diagnosed indicating the presence of arterial hypertension, it is extremely important to follow the doctor’s instructions related to dietary intake and reduction of excess body weight. Ignoring these recommendations leads to further growth of adipose tissue and the entry of fatty acids into the bloodstream. The latter compounds are capable of forming cholesterol plaques that clog stable blood flow through the main vessels. The pathological symptoms of hypertension worsen and ultimately the patient is diagnosed with stage 3 disease with a risk of complications of 3.

1. Negative heredity.

Every hypertensive person whose family has close relatives suffering from hypertension is at a special risk group. This category of patients most often encounters the manifestation of arterial hypertension of the 3rd degree, risk 3. A further deterioration of the patient’s health cannot be ruled out, up to the transition of arterial hypertension to the 4th degree with a malignant form of the course, when effective treatment no longer requires only the use of potent medications, but also surgical therapy to eliminate the affected tissue areas of vital organs.

As a rule, surgery is performed on target organs. These are the brain, heart, kidneys, eyeball. Therefore, patients with negative genetic inheritance in terms of stable functioning of the cardiovascular system should pay special attention to the condition of their blood vessels, for the purpose of prevention, periodically undergo a course of maintenance therapy and eat right. This will allow effective control over the disease and prevent it from progressing to severe stage 4 with risk

1. Hormonal imbalance.

Male and female sex hormones produced by the endocrine glands play a key role in ensuring that blood pressure is always maintained at a level of 120 per 80 tonometer units. If a person takes medications containing synthetic hormones, uses anabolic steroids, or has diseases of organs such as the thyroid gland, adrenal cortex, ovaries in women, then the patient develops secondary arterial hypertension due to hormonal imbalance. The danger of this causative factor is that blood pressure levels go through the roof, and the use of traditional vasodilators does not bring a positive effect, since it is necessary to eliminate the disease that causes hormone imbalance.

1. Incorrectly formed course of therapy.

The attending physician, as a specialist involved in the treatment of a patient with hypertension, has a responsible mission aimed at curing the patient of this disease, or controlling the disease in order to prevent its further progression. If the doctor was negligent in his official duties, or made a medical error and prescribed medications to the patient, the use of which is not advisable, then over time the initial stage of hypertension worsens in its manifestation and moves to stage 3 with the risk of complications 3.

1. Poor nutrition.

The presence in the diet of a person with hypertension of fatty foods, which are prepared by frying in a frying pan with the natural release of carcinogenic substances, leads to clogging of blood vessels and a sharp increase in blood pressure to 180 upper division units. Kitchen table salt has a similar effect. Hypertensive patients with initial signs of the disease are strictly prohibited from eating food containing large amounts of salt. This most common ingredient retains moisture in the human body, which inevitably leads to an increase in blood pressure even in healthy people, and in patients with hypertension, the body’s reaction is even more acute.

1. Physical inactivity.

Lack of moderate physical activity and sports, and a sedentary lifestyle have a negative impact on the cardiovascular system. The walls of the great vessels become decrepit and inelastic. An untrained heart, under the influence of an elementary load, begins to work too quickly, and the patient experiences shortness of breath and a deficiency of oxygen in the blood. This ends in a hypertensive crisis and the manifestation of symptoms characteristic of stage 3 hypertension with risk 3.

1. Pathologies of the heart muscle.

The stability of blood circulation under optimal blood pressure depends on the presence or absence of heart disease in a person. If a hypertensive patient simultaneously develops a disease such as arrhythmia, tachycardia, bradycardia or angina, then hypertension, which is only at the very beginning of its development, can worsen to degree 3 with a possible risk of complications 3.

These reasons most often become the fatal factor that radically changes the clinical picture of the disease and transforms it into a severe form with high blood pressure and a high probability that in the very near future the hypertensive patient will become disabled or the disease will lead to premature death.

Assessment of the patient's condition

During the examination of a hypertensive patient, an analysis of all health indicators, dietary habits and lifestyle is carried out. The more factors that worsen the condition of the cardiovascular system, the worse the prognosis for recovery. These factors include:

• heredity;
• smoking;
• alcohol abuse;
• physical inactivity;
• stress;
• excess body weight;
• age over 40 years;
• dietary restrictions;
• endocrine disorders;
• diabetes;
• kidney diseases;
• hormonal imbalances;
• pregnancy;
• menopause

If there are no aggravating factors, it is assessed that the disease has a risk of developing cardiovascular disease 1 (up to 15%). Up to three aggravating factors - risk 2 (complications occur in 15-20% of cases). This number of risks is typical for arterial hypertension of 1 and 2 degrees.

Stage 3 hypertension usually carries a risk of 3. This means that the risk of serious problems, including heart attack or stroke, increases to 30%). The diagnosis of “hypertension stage 3, risk 4” is made when, in addition to aggravating factors, there are more than three pathological changes in the functioning of target organs.

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What is stage 3 hypertension, risk 3?

Hypertension grade 3, risk 3, is a degree of hypertension considered severe, since it not only significantly reduces a person’s quality of life, but also carries a very real threat of possible death. In most cases, it occurs as a result of a sudden heart attack, ischemic stroke of the brain, or failure of the kidneys to perform their physiological function of purifying the blood of toxins and harmful substances that enter the blood after the completion of the metabolic process. Most patients diagnosed with stage 3 arterial hypertension, risk 3, have been suffering from high blood pressure for 8 to 10 years.

According to its course, the disease can remain in a chronic state for a long period of time and manifest itself in an acute form only 2-3 times a month with severe hypertensive crises that threaten a person’s life, or it can disturb the patient daily with high blood pressure with the presence of corresponding symptoms. The main qualifying sign of exactly 3 degrees of hypertension with a risk of developing complications 3 is the presence of a patient’s systolic pressure (upper) of 180 tonometer units or more, and diastolic (lower) pressure must be at least 110 units.

It is extremely difficult to bring down such high blood pressure, and in order to achieve a positive therapeutic result, the patient is hospitalized in the inpatient department of general therapy, and if the attending physician suspects a cerebral stroke, then emergency resuscitation measures are taken to stabilize the patient’s health, preserve the functionality of the brain centers and preventing severe disability. In the case of a hypertensive crisis complicated by a heart attack, the patient is hospitalized in the cardiology department.

Treatment regimen

The first thing that is recommended for every hypertensive patient is to eliminate factors that increase the risk of complications. It is necessary to quit smoking and drinking alcohol, engage in acceptable physical activity, lose weight, and pay attention to the treatment of diseases of internal organs and systems.

Stage 3 hypertension can only be treated under strict medical supervision. The treatment regimen is drawn up individually, taking into account age, gender, degree of risk, and the presence of associated complications. In any case, the patient is prescribed medications that can help reduce blood pressure during a crisis, as well as medications taken daily that gradually stabilize the patient’s condition.

The list of medications that must be taken for stage 3 hypertension includes:

• Adrenolytics;
• Diuretics;
• ACE inhibitors;
• Beta blockers;
• Calcium antagonists.

These drugs help stabilize blood pressure, which significantly improves well-being and minimizes the likelihood of another hypertensive crisis.

Important! It is also necessary to treat concomitant diseases - diabetes mellitus, renal failure, endocrine disorders.

Diet for hypertension

At this stage of the disease, a person is forced to change not only his work and rest schedule, but also make adjustments to his usual diet. Without doing this, you will not be able to bring your blood pressure readings to normal levels that are not life-threatening. A sample menu for the day consists of:

• an omelette and a cup of tea with milk for the first breakfast;
• baked apple for second breakfast;
• vegetable soup, a portion of buckwheat with a steam cutlet for lunch;
• mashed potatoes with a piece of boiled fish and rosehip broth for dinner;
• a glass of kefir before bed.

Dried fruits are perfect as a snack; they have a beneficial effect on the condition of the entire cardiovascular system.

When compiling a list of dishes for the week, you must adhere to several rules that are mandatory for hypertensive patients. This:

• Salt is a poison for high blood pressure. You should cook food without it, adding salt directly on the plate if necessary.
• The diet excludes fried, salted, canned, smoked, and spicy foods.
• The basis of the diet is vegetables, fruits, cereals, lean meats and fish, boiled, steamed or baked in the oven.
• Control the amount of food entering your body. It should not exceed 2 kilograms.
• Serving size: no more than 300 g.
• The number of meals is 5-6 times a day.
• Caffeinated drinks are excluded. They should be replaced with decoctions of fruits, berries and herbs, green tea, compote.
• Alcohol in stage 3 hypertension is strictly prohibited. When taking a minimal amount of ethanol, the risk of hypertensive crisis increases.
• You can arrange fasting days on fruits, vegetables, milk.
• To normalize blood pressure, the body must receive magnesium, calcium and potassium, vitamins B, C and P every day.

Such nutrition will help cleanse blood vessels, reduce cholesterol levels in the blood, and lose a few extra pounds.

Hypertension is a dangerous disease, the complications of which kill about 9 million people worldwide every year. This outcome can be prevented by promptly responding to any changes in the body. For example, the prognosis for a diagnosis of stage 1 hypertension is usually favorable, which cannot be said about a disease that has progressed to stage 3 and is burdened with all sorts of complications.

Treatment of hypertension stage 3 risk 3

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Therapy for this disease involves a complex of medications that simultaneously relieve spasm of the walls of vascular tissue, reduce blood pressure, remove excess moisture from the body and relieve a burning headache. Also, a prerequisite for achieving a positive therapeutic effect is the abstinence from the use of alcoholic beverages, tobacco products and narcotic substances. All food consumed must be of exclusively biological value and correspond to a diet intended for hypertensive patients. In general, the therapeutic regimen consists of the following groups of drugs:

1. Diuretics.

These are diuretic drugs that are prescribed in order to free the patient’s body from excess fluid that has accumulated in the blood and tissues of vital organs due to the fact that the kidneys do not fully cope with their function of draining water in the form of urine. Also, taking diuretic medications reduces blood pressure due to the forced removal of fluid. After blood pressure has stabilized, it is necessary to compensate for the loss of moisture by drinking lightly salted water in portions. The main and most dangerous side effect of drugs in this group is that calcium, potassium, phosphorus and magnesium salts are washed out of the patient’s body with a large outflow of fluid. In the future, this fact negatively affects the state of the nervous system, bone tissue and the activity of the heart muscle.

1. Alpha blockers.

A special group of drugs, the active components of which are intended to influence the hormone adrenaline, the production of which is carried out by the adrenal cortex. When a large volume of adrenaline enters the body, blood pressure becomes unstable and a hypertensive crisis develops. If the patient initially suffers from kidney disease, then it is quite possible that he will have to take this medication for life in order to keep blood pressure under control and prevent the progression of arterial hypertension of the 3rd degree, risk 3, with the transition to a more complicated form of the course.

1. Antispasmodics.

They are administered intramuscularly and intravenously as injections. The intended purpose of this medication is to quickly relieve spasm of the vascular walls and, accordingly, reduce blood pressure. The most popular drugs in use are Spazmolgon, Spasmol, Drotoverine hydrochloride, No-shpa. They have practically no contraindications and have a minimal list of side properties. A distinctive feature of the use of this drug during the treatment of hypertension is that it is not addictive, relieves pain and stabilizes blood pressure. Used for symptomatic therapy.

Most medications that are used in the treatment of a patient have a prolonged effect, and their components have a positive therapeutic effect on the state of the patient’s cardiovascular system over the next 24 hours. The type of drug, dosage and duration of therapy is determined solely by the therapist who is seeing the patient. If there are concomitant symptoms indicating disturbances in the functioning of the heart, the patient is prescribed cardiology medications to prevent the risk of myocardial infarction.

The approximate duration of treatment is from 1 to 3 months. This is only a period of stay in a hospital setting or an outpatient visit to a health care facility for the purpose of receiving medical procedures. In addition, the patient must pay sufficient attention to the state of his health while at home. Rest enough time, do not physically overwork, avoid psycho-emotional stress, stressful situations, organize proper nutrition, removing fatty, smoked and salty foods from the diet.