Blood pressure (BP) is the ratio of blood pressure in large blood vessels (arteries) during systolic contraction and diastolic relaxation of the heart.
Normal blood pressure readings are in the range of 100–140 for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 60–90 for diastolic blood pressure (DBP). In case of hypertension, the tonometer can record various indicators, which sometimes do not fit into the standard values of arterial hypertension (AH). For example, people often find that their blood pressure is constantly 130 over 100. What causes this condition?
What does pressure 130 per 100 mm Hg mean? Art.?
To understand what a pressure of 130 over 100 means and how far this condition is from the norm, it is necessary to understand the physiology and mechanisms of increased blood pressure. To determine standard blood pressure readings, doctors look at the first number on the tonometer, i.e., systolic blood pressure. Its chronic increase becomes the basis for the diagnosis of “arterial hypertension.” At the same time, diastolic blood pressure - an indicator of blood pressure in peripheral blood vessels - arteries and arterioles - is a secondary factor for making a diagnosis.
If the blood pressure monitor shows 130/100, what does this mean? Such parameters suggest that blood pressure in large blood vessels - arteries - is within normal limits, while peripheral ones are in spasm.
Hypertonicity of peripheral blood vessels leads to a narrowing of their lumen, due to which the blood pressure in them increases and the DBP indicator, accordingly, also increases.
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Diagnostics
Diagnosis of pathology begins with interviewing the patient. The doctor is interested in the existing symptoms, whether any immediate relatives have established hypertension, how often blood pressure increases, etc. Then the person is prescribed laboratory and instrumental tests:
- blood analysis;
- urinalysis – allows you to evaluate kidney function;
- electrocardiography;
- Dopplerography – necessary to check the speed and quality of blood flow;
- arteriography - radiology of blood vessels, used, in particular, to identify cholesterol plaques;
- blood biochemistry - used to determine cholesterol and sugar levels.
If necessary, ultrasound of the heart, thyroid gland, kidneys, aortography and other specific tests can be prescribed.
Causes
The true reasons for blood pressure of 130 over 100 are not fully understood. As we saw above, a high diastolic indicator is caused by hypertonicity of peripheral vessels.
Normally, such a reaction occurs as compensation for an increase in cardiac output and, accordingly, an increase in SBP in order to prevent hyperperfusion (i.e., excessive blood saturation) of organs and tissues. An increase in DBP is a protective reaction of the body when SBP increases: for example, cerebral hyperperfusion leads to intracranial hypertension and the development of hemorrhagic stroke. To prevent this from happening, vasoconstriction mechanisms are activated, which bring peripheral vessels into increased tone.
In most cases, a pressure of 130/100 occurs in hypertensive patients and can be considered a sudden hypotensive crisis or be the result of taking antihypertensive drugs (eg, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers). Why DBP does not return to its normal value is unknown.
Therapeutic tactics
To a greater extent it is represented by non-medicinal methods. Among the ways to restore normal life.
Use of drugs:
- Calcium antagonists. Verapamil, Diltiazem.
- Beta blockers. Carvedilol, Anaprilin.
- Sedatives of plant origin. Motherwort and valerian.
- If the condition worsens, use ACE inhibitors (Perineva, Prestarium).
The main burden of the treatment process falls not on medication, but on lifestyle changes according to the following rules:
- Quitting smoking and alcohol.
- Normalization of sleep (8 hours per night, no less).
- Walks during the day (approximately 2 hours).
- Limit salt (7 grams).
- Drinking regime (1.8-2 liters).
Diet correction.
Can:
- Vegetables and fruits, prepared and raw.
- Dairy products.
- Butter.
- Nuts, seeds.
- Boiled eggs.
- Natural sweets.
- Dried fruits.
- Lean meat and broths based on it.
It is forbidden:
- Roast.
- Smoked.
- Salty.
- Semi-finished and canned foods.
- I'll bake it.
- Salo.
In general, the diet should be balanced. Treatment tables No. 3 and No. 10 are shown. Menu adjustments are carried out under the supervision of a nutritionist.
In the absence of the opportunity to consult, you should independently and roughly optimize your diet. Cooking method: boiling or baking. Minimum heat treatment.
Fractionality is another important principle. The frequency of meals is 4-6 times a day.
An important point is the refusal to independently use drugs, from contraceptives to antihypertensive drugs.
Surgical methods are used extremely rarely, only after destruction of the atria due to endocarditis or congenital, acquired defects. Installation of an artificial pacemaker is also possible.
Can you get a headache with this blood pressure?
Headache may occur with such indicators. Typically, a headache occurs when the pressure is 130 to 100 when spasmodic blood vessels in the brain cause nutritional deficiency. Poor cerebral circulation leads to headaches. Along with this symptom, accompanying symptoms may also appear:
- increased fatigue;
- weakness;
- “floaters” or dark spots in the field of vision.
Sometimes, with diastolic arterial hypertension, there are no symptoms at all, and a blood pressure of 130/100 is detected during a physical examination or checking a new home blood pressure monitor.
What symptoms should you consult a doctor for?
If there is a disturbance in well-being, there is not much difference. Even if there is suspicion, it is necessary to go to a cardiologist.
Among the manifestations that should alert you:
- Headache of unknown origin. Especially against the backdrop of general well-being.
- Vertigo. Up to the complete lack of coordination and orientation in space.
- Dyspnea. As a result of hypoxia of tissues and organs. It occurs spontaneously, even in a state of complete rest.
- Weakness, drowsiness.
- Feeling of heartbeat. It can be either accelerated or slowed down.
As a rule, the clinical picture is minimal. Due to the mildness of the pathological process, symptoms go unnoticed, patients rarely pay attention to their own condition.
The following signs are much more dangerous:
- Acute headache. It pokes and shoots. Painful, unbearable.
- Loss of consciousness.
- Speech, auditory, visual dysfunction.
- Problems with motor activity and obedience of muscle structures. Paralysis, paresis. Feeling of goosebumps running through the body.
These symptoms require an urgent call to the emergency room. The issue of hospitalization is being decided.
If the pulse is 100 beats
When diagnosing arterial hypertension, it is important to monitor your heart rate. With various pathological changes in the vessels that cause arterial hypertension, normal, low and high pulse can be observed. An increase in heart rate (HR) up to 100 beats per minute at rest usually indicates insufficient blood supply to organs due to narrowing of peripheral blood vessels.
Thus, a blood pressure of 130 over 100 and a pulse of 100 indicates physiological compensation for insufficient blood supply to organs and tissues by increasing the heart rate. To compensate for the lack of blood supply when the blood pressure is 130/100, the pulse increases.
The answer to the question of what needs to be done when the pressure is 130 over 100 and the pulse is high is quite simple - it is necessary to eliminate the cause of the reflex increase in heart rate, that is, direct efforts to eliminate the spasmodic state of the peripheral vessels.
Nutrition
Proper nutrition plays a very important role in the treatment of hypertension. The effectiveness of therapy depends on this factor.
First of all, the patient needs to eliminate from his diet foods that increase blood pressure. We are talking about some spices, coffee, strong tea and alcohol. He will also have to reduce the amount of sweets.
It is necessary to avoid foods that contribute to the formation of cholesterol plaques. These include fried and fatty foods, animal fats, harmful additives, spicy, pickled and smoked foods, as well as store-bought sauces.
The amount of salt will also have to be reduced. Doctors recommend not adding salt to dishes. However, in some cases, switching to a salt-free diet is most effective.
What to do at home?
If the tonometer shows a persistent 130 to 100, at which your health worsens, you need to take action. What should you do if your blood pressure is 130 over 100, you have a severe headache and constant general weakness? It is necessary to provide the person with rest in a horizontal position, preferably in the fresh air.
Attention! Medicines to normalize blood pressure can only be taken as prescribed by a doctor. On the advice of hypertensive friends or articles from medical forums, you should not take pills. The specialist prescribes a certain group of drugs based on the patient’s individual parameters: age, constitution, personal and family history.
What should you do to normalize your condition if your blood pressure is 130/100 if you feel worse? First of all, it is necessary to relieve spasm of peripheral vessels. This is not such a simple task, since various vasodilators can, along with small blood vessels, dilate large arteries and veins, causing a decrease in SBP.
First, you need to try to normalize blood pressure without the use of medications. Many people benefit from warm baths with sea salt up to 37–39 degrees, as well as body massage. It is allowed to take a small portion - no more than 100 ml - of red wine.
Attention! If tachycardia occurs, then bath and massage are contraindicated.
Treatment
Treatment of the disease is also possible with the help of medicines and traditional medicine recipes. The latter should be considered only as an additional method to the main scheme. In some cases, preventative measures will be sufficient to normalize blood pressure levels.
These are:
- maintaining a healthy lifestyle - quitting smoking, alcohol, proper nutrition, feasible physical activity;
- limiting the amount of salt consumed, fatty/fried/smoked
- spicy products;
- controlling fluid intake - it is advisable to drink no more than 1.3 liters per day;
- you need to walk in the fresh air and relax as much as possible;
- Avoid stressful situations, increased physical activity, and overwork.
If treatment with antihypotensive drugs is prescribed, you should not skip taking pills or stop taking them without first consulting your doctor. Vitamin complexes, contrast showers in the morning, bathing in baths with added sea salt, massage, aromatherapy, etc. will help normalize your well-being.
Contrast shower is one of the ways to normalize blood pressure levels
Drug therapy
The prescription of the drug will be carried out only after receiving the results of a full medical examination. The following groups of drugs can be used during treatment:
- ACE inhibitors – drugs with a long-term effect;
- calcium antagonists – strengthen the walls of blood vessels;
- diuretics – diuretics used to remove excess fluid from the body;
- beta blockers - reduce the negative effects of adrenaline on the walls of blood vessels.
Self-prescription of medications is prohibited, since such treatment will only worsen the general condition. A specialist should select drugs based on the available results.
Treatment with folk remedies
You can lower diastolic pressure using traditional recipes. It is necessary to choose a remedy based on the factor that provoked its increase:
- Pathologies of the kidneys and adrenal glands. To normalize blood pressure, you can use products based on oregano, St. John's wort or sage.
- Stressful situations. If the pathology is caused by stress or nervous overexcitation, then the use of infusions of motherwort or valerian gives good results. They have powerful calming properties and have a beneficial effect on the heart, vascular system and thyroid gland.
Onion peels can achieve good therapeutic results. The medicine is prepared as follows. Peel the skins from three large onions. Pour the product with strong alcohol (500 ml) and place the container in a dark place for 5–7 days. Take 1 tsp. tincture, previously diluted with 3 tbsp. l. clean water. Drink the product once a day. Course duration is 10...14 days.
The fruits of rose hips, chokeberry, hawthorn, black currant, and cranberry will also bring benefits. They can be used to prepare decoctions, compotes, and infusions. If desired, berries can simply be added to tea.
Is 130/100 mm Hg normal? Art. – no, it cannot be classified as acceptable. Diastolic hypertension requires mandatory treatment, as it may indicate the development of a serious pathology.
Prevention
Prevention measures are always aimed at ensuring a high level of health and eradicating the causes of illness. Preventive measures include:
- monitoring blood pressure levels;
- stopping eating fatty foods;
- reducing salt intake to a minimum;
- balanced diet;
- compliance with rules aimed at improving the emotional, social and physical state of the body;
- rest;
- good dream;
- taking medications only as prescribed by a specialist;
- controlling your weight;
- regular walks in the fresh air.
Timely prevention helps prevent and protect against blood pressure problems.
What are the dangers of high lower pressure?
A person’s stable blood pressure of 130 to 110 units entails numerous complications and extremely unfavorable consequences. These include the following:
- Hypertensive crisis (increased blood pressure to critical levels);
- Aneurysm;
- Myocardial infarction;
- Pulmonary edema;
- Stroke.
The risks of cardiovascular complications and even sudden death of the patient increase.
