Hypotensive effect - what is it? This question is asked by women and men who are faced with the problem of high blood pressure or hypertension for the first time and who have no idea what the hypotensive effect of the drugs prescribed to them by their attending physician means. An antihypertensive effect is a decrease in blood pressure under the influence of a particular drug.
Experienced professional therapists of the highest category at the Yusupov Hospital Therapy Clinic, who are proficient in advanced treatment and diagnostic methods, will provide qualified assistance to patients with arterial hypertension and select an effective treatment regimen that eliminates the development of negative consequences.
Hypotensive syndrome
Hypotensive syndrome is a whole complex of symptoms that reflects a persistent decrease in intracranial pressure in women. It occurs only in pregnant women aged 25 to 29 years. This syndrome significantly reduces the quality of life of the expectant mother and requires qualified medical care.
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Causes
The causes of this pathology are the following factors:
- severe dehydration after undergoing drug therapy;
- head injuries;
- leakage of cerebrospinal fluid due to a violation of the integrity of the skull bones or brain tissue;
- a decrease in blood pressure, leading to a decrease in intracranial pressure.
Every pregnant woman should be doubly attentive to her health, since she is also responsible for the life of the child. Any changes in health should be a reason to consult a doctor. Doctors at the Yusupov Hospital are ready to answer all their patients’ questions at any time, either in person or by phone.
Symptoms of hypotensive syndrome in pregnant women are:
- severe constricting sudden headaches;
- increased headaches when raising the head or in a sitting position;
- reduction in the intensity of headaches when lowering the head;
- prostration;
- feeling drowsy;
- irritability;
- attacks of nausea and vomiting.
Of course, many of the above symptoms occur in pregnant women and are a consequence of changes in the functioning of all organs and systems during the period of bearing a baby. They may have nothing to do with hypotensive syndrome.
But in any case, if the expectant mother’s health worsens, she must inform the doctor about it. Caution and attentiveness to your health will help you avoid the development of complications, identify hypotensive syndrome and undergo an effective course of therapy.
Diagnostics
If symptoms of the disease appear during pregnancy, it is necessary to undergo examinations by a gynecologist, neurologist and neurosurgeon. Doctors conduct examinations, analyze all the patient’s complaints and make a preliminary diagnosis. To confirm or refute it, the pregnant woman is prescribed a number of diagnostic measures, namely:
- general and biochemical blood test;
- general urine analysis;
- X-ray of the skull;
- spinal tap;
- MRI of the brain.
At the Yusupov Hospital, all diagnostic procedures are carried out using modern medical equipment, which allows you to obtain accurate data and promptly begin treatment.
Beta blockers
These drugs are recommended for use in the treatment of hypertension associated with arrhythmic manifestations and coronary artery disease. When choosing a drug, you should pay special attention to such characteristics as:
- Hydrophilicity and lipophilicity.
- Selectivity.
- Vasodilating effect.
Non-selective drugs, which include Nadolol and Anaprilin, affect receptors located in the pancreas. Such drugs can inhibit insulin secretion. For diabetes mellitus, doctors recommend using selective beta blockers as an antihypertensive agent, which include Bisoprolol, Metoprolol, and Atenolol. Their indications are approximately the same. In addition to their main effect, they also have a positive effect on the functioning of the heart.
Drugs that are lipophilic are eliminated from the body by the liver. These drugs include Pindolol and Metoprolol. Taking them in the presence of diabetes mellitus is extremely undesirable due to the fact that diabetes is often accompanied by liver failure and impaired lipid metabolism. Another disadvantage is that they can cause depression in the patient.
Beta blockers, which are hydrophilic, have a more prolonged effect and do not depress the psycho-emotional state or interfere with the functioning of the liver and kidneys. This group of beta blockers includes Nadolol and Atenolol.
For example, for the drug "Nebivolol", the instructions for use indicate that beta blockers, which have a vasodilating effect, have a positive effect on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and can increase the sensitivity of tissues to the effects of insulin. However, these drugs have a wide range of side effects. These include Corvitol and Nebivolol. Instructions for use are included in each package.
Corvitol is a drug that has powerful antiarrhythmic, antianginal and hypotensive effects. Prescribed for hypertension, tachycardia, heart rhythm disturbances, and coronary artery disease. But in case of diabetes mellitus, it must be used with great caution. This is confirmed by the instructions and reviews for the drug “Corvitol”.
Taking into account all the factors described above, it is necessary to understand that the choice of an antihypertensive drug should only be made by a doctor.
Antihypertensive therapy for diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, the development of which is associated with an absolute or relative deficiency of the hormone insulin. Lack of insulin or lack of sensitivity to it leads to an increase in blood glucose levels. This condition has a negative impact on all systems and organs of the human body, including the cardiovascular system.
Almost all patients suffering from diabetes complain of high blood pressure, which can be reduced with great difficulty without the help of a doctor.
Hypertension and diabetes mellitus
Hypertension in patients with diabetes is an integral and very dangerous component, which can several times increase the risk of developing the following diseases:
- 3-5 times - heart attack;
- 3-4 times - stroke:
- 10-20 times - blindness;
- 20-25 times – renal failure;
- 20 times - gangrene, requiring limb amputation.
If blood pressure readings exceed 140/90, there is no need to hesitate to contact a specialist, since hypertension that occurs against the background of diabetes mellitus can lead to the development of irreversible consequences, often incompatible with life.
Hypertension in type 1 diabetes mellitus
The main and most dangerous cause of arterial hypertension in type 1 diabetes mellitus is the presence of diabetic nephropathy in patients with this disease. The development of this complication is observed in almost 40% of people suffering from type 1 diabetes. Increased blood pressure is directly related to the amount of protein excreted in the urine.
Hypertension due to renal failure also develops due to poor excretion of sodium in the urine. As sodium increases in the blood, fluid accumulates to dilute it. Due to the increase in circulating blood volume, blood pressure increases. This process may also be associated with an increase in glucose concentration, which occurs in diabetes mellitus. As a result, to reduce blood density, the body produces even more fluid and the volume of circulating blood further increases for this reason.
Hypertension in type 2 diabetes mellitus
One of the factors that provokes the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus is insulin resistance, i.e. decreased sensitivity of tissues to the action of insulin.
To compensate for insulin resistance, excessive amounts of insulin circulate in the blood, which itself causes an increase in blood pressure. Over time, a narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels occurs, caused by atherosclerosis, which also contributes to the occurrence of hypertension. In parallel, patients experience the development of abdominal obesity, and, as is known, it is from adipose tissue that substances that increase blood pressure are released into the blood.
Hypertension in diabetes: features
In patients with diabetes mellitus, there is a disturbance in the natural daily rhythm of blood pressure fluctuations. In a healthy person, blood pressure levels in the morning and at night are usually 10-20% lower than in the daytime. In patients with diabetes, there is no decrease in blood pressure at night. Moreover, their nighttime pressure readings may be even higher than their daytime ones. According to experts, this phenomenon is caused by diabetic neuropathy. An increased concentration of sugar in the blood leads to damage to the autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for regulating the body's vital functions. There is a deterioration in the ability of blood vessels to regulate their tone - narrowing and relaxing depending on the load.
Antihypertensive drugs for diabetes mellitus
To date, eight groups of antihypertensive drugs are known, of which five are considered primary, and three are considered additional. Antihypertensive therapy for diabetes mellitus involves taking the following medications:
- diuretics;
- calcium channel blockers;
- beta blockers;
- centrally acting drugs;
- ACE inhibitors;
- angiotensin II receptor blockers;
- alpha-blockers;
- renin inhibitor (racillosis).
Medicines that make up additional groups are prescribed, most often, as components of combination treatment.
Description of the disease
Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which there is a significant increase in blood sugar. It is worth noting that in the absence of glucose, the human body is not able to function, but its excess can lead to very serious consequences, which are conventionally divided into two large groups:
- Chronic (involving serious vascular diseases).
- Acute, causing coma.
Modern medicine and pharmacology do not stand still, and many reliable drugs have now been created. Therefore, coma is a rather rare occurrence, but only if the disease was diagnosed on time.
However, even medications do not provide complete confidence that it will be possible to avoid angiopathy and arterial hypertension caused by this pathology. Tablets for blood pressure for diabetes will be presented below.
Antihypertensive therapy: general rules
Both symptomatic hypertension and hypertension require correction with drugs that have a hypotensive effect. Antihypertensive therapy can be carried out with drugs that differ in their mechanism of action: antiadrenergic agents, vasodilators, calcium antagonists, angiotensin antagonists, and diuretics.
You can obtain information about the hypotensive effect of the drug and what medications to take for high blood pressure not only from your doctor, but also from your pharmacist.
Arterial hypertension is a chronic disease that requires constant drug support, daily monitoring and regular use of prescribed medications. Not only the state of health, but also the life of a person depends on compliance with these rules.
Despite the general availability of treatment rules for reducing blood pressure, many patients have to be reminded what a treatment regimen for hypertension should look like:
- Antihypertensive medications should be taken regularly, regardless of the patient’s well-being and blood pressure level. This allows you to increase the effectiveness of blood pressure control, as well as prevent cardiovascular complications and target organ damage;
- It is necessary to strictly adhere to the dosage and use the form of the drug prescribed by the attending physician. Independently changing the recommended dose or replacing the drug may distort the hypotensive effect;
- even if you are constantly taking antihypertensive drugs, it is necessary to systematically measure blood pressure, which will allow you to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy, timely identify certain changes and adjust treatment;
- in the case of an increase in blood pressure against the background of constant antihypertensive treatment - the development of an uncomplicated hypertensive crisis, an additional dose of a previously taken long-acting drug is not recommended. Blood pressure can be quickly reduced using short-acting antihypertensive drugs.
What does lipid toxicity lead to?
It is important that lipid toxicity stimulates the rapid development of diseases such as atherosclerosis, excess insulin, and, in turn, arterial hypertension, as a result of which even more severe complications develop. The risk of:
- strokes;
- neuropathies;
- gangrene;
- nephropathies;
- heart failure.
How to choose blood pressure pills for diabetes?
Antihypertensive therapy: drugs to lower blood pressure
During antihypertensive therapy, several main groups of drugs that help lower blood pressure are currently used:
- beta blockers;
- ACE inhibitors;
- calcium antagonists;
- diuretics;
- angiotensin II receptor blockers.
All of the above groups have comparable effectiveness and their own characteristics that determine their use in a given situation.
Beta blockers
Drugs in this group reduce the likelihood of developing coronary complications in patients suffering from angina pectoris, prevent cardiovascular accidents in patients with myocardial infarction, tachyarrhythmia, and are used in patients with chronic heart failure. Beta-blockers are not recommended for patients with diabetes mellitus, lipid metabolism disorders and metabolic syndrome.
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have pronounced hypotensive properties, they have organoprotective effects: their use reduces the risk of complications of atherosclerosis, reduces left ventricular hypertrophy, and slows the decline in renal function. ACE inhibitors are well tolerated and have no negative effects on lipid metabolism and glucose levels.
Calcium antagonists
In addition to antihypertensive properties, drugs in this group have antianginal and organoprotective effects, help reduce the risk of strokes, atherosclerotic lesions of the carotid arteries and left ventricular hypertrophy. Calcium antagonists may be used alone or in combination with other drugs that have antihypertensive properties.
Diuretics
Diuretic drugs are usually used in combination with other antihypertensive drugs in order to enhance the therapeutic effect.
Diuretics are also prescribed to persons suffering from pathologies such as refractory hypertension and chronic heart failure. To avoid the development of side effects, when taking these drugs continuously, minimal dosages are prescribed.
Angiotensin II receptor blockers
Drugs in this group, which have neuro- and cardioprotective effects, are used to improve control of blood glucose levels. They can increase the life expectancy of patients suffering from chronic heart failure. Antihypertensive therapy using angiotensin II receptor blockers can be prescribed to patients who have had a myocardial infarction, suffer from renal failure, gout, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus.
What is characteristic of this type?
The first stages of the disease are characterized by an excessive amount of insulin produced, which subsequently leads to disturbances in the functioning of the pancreas. The result is abnormal metabolism, the manifestation of glucose toxicity and lipid toxicity.
As a result, tissue resistance to insulin develops. The pancreas, in order to balance carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, begins to secrete even more insulin. As a result, a vicious circle is formed.
Reviews
Reviews about blood pressure medications for existing diabetes are different. There are many positive things about beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and diuretics are also often used. But all means should be used with caution, because it is so easy to make a mistake in the choice and get a lot of adverse reactions. Taking medications to treat the disease is not enough. Even complex therapy will not bring the expected effect if you do not change your own lifestyle.
Only a doctor can select good blood pressure pills for diabetes. Self-medication is unacceptable.
