What is adenomyosis in women: is there a risk of developing cancer?

Women of childbearing age (especially during pregnancy) often encounter varicose veins of the uterus. Diagnosis and, as a result, proper treatment of this disease has become possible in the last thirty years, when clinics began to be equipped with high-precision diagnostic equipment. If varicose veins are not treated in time, the woman may subsequently become infertile. To avoid this, you should contact a phlebologist at the first suspicion of the disease. Your obstetrician-gynecologist can also refer you to a phlebologist after an examination.

Diagnosis of uterine varicose veins

If uterine varicose veins are suspected, the doctor should refer the woman for examination. In modern medicine, various diagnostic methods are used for this:

• radiography;
• Ultrasound using a transvaginal sensor (echography);
• laparoscopy;
• Doppler ultrasound;
• CT scan.

Progressive diagnostic methods used in well-equipped clinics eliminate inaccurate diagnoses.

Varicose veins of the vulva and vagina

A characteristic venous pattern appears in the genital area. Gradually, varicose veins enlarge and swell. This makes the woman uncomfortable. If she does not consult a doctor for help, inflammation, thrombosis, and ulceration join the varicose veins. Varicose veins in the vagina are more difficult to notice due to their similarity to ordinary inflammation of the genitourinary system.

Symptoms:

• heaviness, discomfort, aching pain in the lower abdomen;
• burning sensation when urinating; itching at the entrance to the vagina after emptying the bladder;
• pain during defecation;
• discomfort and pain during sexual intercourse.

Women turn to a gynecologist complaining of discomfort, pain, and spotting during sex . During examination (vaginal examination), the doctor makes a diagnosis. He gives recommendations that must be followed.

A timely diagnosis prevents the possibility of complications. Using modern treatment methods for emergency indications, a pregnant woman is relieved of vaginal varicose veins long before giving birth.

Therefore it is important :

• register for pregnancy early ;
• do tests on time ;
• discuss changes in health, especially painful ones, with your doctor;
• do not engage in sexual intercourse , which is dangerous with varicose changes in the vagina and vulva.

During childbirth, varicose veins of the vaginal veins are complicated by injury to the changed vessels and venous bleeding . This becomes a serious complication in the postpartum period.

If the doctor has serious reasons to avoid such a risk, shortly before the expected date of birth, the woman is admitted to the hospital and undergoes a planned caesarean section .

Treatment of varicose veins of the uterus

Uterine varicose veins are treated in several ways. In the early stages of the disease, it is enough to undergo a course of medication, combining it with wearing compression garments and performing a set of physical exercises to improve blood circulation. Varicose veins during pregnancy sometimes go away after childbirth on their own without much effort.

In an advanced stage, when treatment does not bring results, surgery will be required. In particularly severe cases, the uterus must be amputated, but usually the disease can be cured simply by removing the problematic veins. The operation is carried out using various methods - it can be a conventional surgical or laser phlebectomy. The main thing is that healthy veins are not affected.

Causes of varicose veins in pregnant women

During pregnancy, a woman's hormonal background changes, the volume of blood in the body increases, the uterus increases in volume and compresses the lumen of the inferior vena cava. What happens to the body:

• blood flow is redistributed - an additional, embryonic circle of blood circulation appears;
• the venous load on the circulatory bed of the pelvis and lower extremities increases, complicating the outflow of blood from the legs to the heart;
• body weight increases;
• the volume of circulating blood doubles;
• the load on the heart muscle increases;
• blood clotting increases;
• venous blood flow slows down;
• venous vascular walls weaken under the influence of progesterone;
• intravascular venous pressure increases (especially in the legs).

How does varicose veins develop?

Increased levels of progesterone , characteristic of the hormonal background of pregnancy, weaken the muscle tone of the venous wall throughout the vascular bed of the body. The increased volume of blood in blood vessels with weakened walls overwhelms and deforms them. Many pregnant women develop varicose veins.

Varicose veins are also possible due to the growth of the fetus and uterus . When expanded, they put pressure on the large vessels of the pelvic cavity (especially the inferior vena cava and right ovarian vein), which disrupts the outflow of venous blood to the heart. Venous stagnation of the underlying sections fills the vascular bed with blood, dilating the veins of the pelvis, genitals, groin, and lower extremities. As a result, varicose veins of the superficial system occur. In this case, the deep vein system of the lower extremities does not suffer, since they are located in a muscular sheath.

Signs of varicose veins

Most often, it all starts with visual manifestations. Spider veins and reticular veins appear. Then there are clinical symptoms: swelling of the lower extremities at the end of the working day, heaviness, fatigue, a feeling as if the legs are on fire. Some patients experience a condition called restless legs syndrome. In more advanced stages, skin changes (redness, thickening, soreness) may be observed along the course of varicose veins. This condition is characterized as thrombophlebitis. Trophic changes in the skin and the formation of trophic ulcers on the affected lower limb may also occur.

Types and stages

Main types of disease:

• Focal adenomyosis. Tissue proliferation occurs in the form of individual foci.
• Nodular adenomyosis. The main symptom is adenomyomas (nodes), shaped like fibroids. They are represented by cavities with a dense shell and blood filling.
• Diffuse adenomyosis. One of the complex forms in which individual foci are not observed in the endometrium.
• Diffuse nodular form of adenomyosis. Signs of nodular and diffuse forms are observed.

What degrees of adenomyosis exist:

1. First. Only the submucosal layer of the endometrium is affected.
2. Second. The cells spread to the muscle layer, but affect no more than half of its depth.
3. Third. The submucosal layer and more than 50% of the depth of the muscular layer are affected.
4. Fourth. The process already affects the entire muscle layer, and can also affect neighboring tissues.

Varicose veins of the pelvis

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Causes of development of varicose veins of the pelvis

Today, the main cause of varicose veins is considered to be a history of pregnancy. The situation arises due to the fact that the growing fetus puts pressure on nearby organs and vessels, disrupting blood circulation. A healthy female body after childbirth is able to restore blood circulation on its own and no problems arise. However, under the influence of certain provoking factors, the tone in the vessels is not restored, leading to vascular pathology.

Factors contributing to the occurrence of the disease:

• excessive physical activity;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• diseases of the reproductive system (tumors, polycystic disease, endometriosis, etc.).

It is worth noting that varicose veins of the venous vessels of the pelvis can occur not only during pregnancy. Recently, scientists have been actively discussing the effect of hormonal contraceptives and hormone-containing drugs on the development of venous pathology. This assumption is based on the fact that the disease occurs much more often in women of childbearing age, which means hormones play a major role in this process.