Mean arterial pressure: calculation formula, norm, how to measure

Blood pressure (BP) should be understood as the force with which blood presses on the vascular walls. Mean arterial pressure is the average blood pressure of a person, that is, the average blood pressure during one cardiac cycle. It is measured to understand how well all the organs of the body function, how they are saturated with blood and essential nutrients.

Mean arterial pressure is the pressure during all phases of the cardiac cycle. Its normal value ranges from 70-110 mmHg.

Standard calculation formula

Now that we have learned how to calculate diastolic and systolic pressure, we can begin to determine mean arterial pressure.
There is a standard, time-tested formula for this. Average BP = (2*Diastole BP + Systole BP)/3

That is, if your diastolic pressure is 90 mmHg, and your systolic pressure is 125 mmHg, then:

Average BP = (2*90+125)/3 = 101.67 mmHg

If we round, it turns out that the average pressure of the person in the example will be 102 mmHg.

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Category: Cardiovascular diseases

In other languages:

English: Calculate Mean Arterial Pressure, Español: calcular tu presión arterial media, Italiano: Calcolare la Pressione Arteriosa Media, Français: calculer la moyenne de la pressure artérielle, Deutsch: Den durchschnittlichen Blutdruck berechnen, Bahasa Indonesia: Menghitung Tekanan Darah Arteri Rerata, Português : Calcular a Pressão Arterial Media

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Calculation formulas

First formula: (2 ×DBP +SBP) ÷ 3

Diastolic blood pressure is multiplied by 2, systolic blood pressure is added, and the result is divided by 3.

With readings of 120/80, the calculations look like this: (2 × 80 + 120) ÷ 3 = 93 mmHg. Art.

Second formula: (SBP – DBP) ÷ 3 + DBP

Normal blood pressure in children and adults, how to measure it correctly and reasons for deviations in values

Diastolic blood pressure is subtracted from systolic blood pressure, the difference is divided by 3, and diastolic blood pressure is added to the result.

Calculation based on indicators 120/80: (120 – 80) ÷ 3 + 80 = 93 mm Hg. Art.

Both calculation options give identical and accurate results.

The average pressure can be approximately calculated using the Wetzler-Boger formula:

(0.42 × SBP) + (0.58 × DBP)

See also Diabetes mellitus: what pills you can take for blood pressure

The upper pressure is multiplied by a factor of 0.42; lower - by 0.58. The works are added up.

Calculation using the example of blood pressure 120/80: (120 × 0.42) + (80 × 0.58) = 96.8 mm Hg. st

The result of calculations using this formula is less accurate than in the first two options.

How to correctly measure blood pressure with an electronic tonometer: measurement technique

In hospitals, a person’s average pressure is calculated using the formula: CO × OPSS.

CO - cardiac output is the amount of blood that the heart pumps into the arteries in one beat. TPR - total peripheral vascular resistance. These indicators are measured using special medical equipment.

Important! Often, the difference between upper and lower blood pressure is taken as mean arterial pressure. This is actually pulse pressure (PP). It is called an indicator of the biological age of blood vessels. PP is determined as follows: the lower blood pressure is subtracted from the upper blood pressure. The result should be within 30-45 mmHg. Art. If the indicator differs from normal, an examination should be carried out and the reason that causes the deviations should be determined.

Blood pressure measurement

To independently calculate mean arterial pressure, you need to obtain reliable indicators of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. To do this, you must measure your blood pressure correctly. The most accurate results are obtained when using a mechanical tonometer. Measurements by electronic (automatic) devices have a small error.

See also Causes of high blood pressure in teenagers

To obtain reliable data, you should not drink coffee, alcohol, or energy drinks an hour before the procedure. After intense movement, the cardiac cycle returns to a resting state gradually. You can measure your blood pressure after 20-30 minutes of rest. Before the procedure, you should empty your bladder - its fullness may distort the results obtained.

The measurement is taken while sitting in a calm, relaxed position. You should not put one leg on top of the other - this affects blood circulation throughout the body. The hand on which the mechanical or automatic tonometer is fixed should be relaxed. The cuff of the device must be exactly at the level of the heart. During the procedure, you cannot strain your muscles, talk, cough, or move. If it is not possible to measure blood pressure yourself, you should contact a medical facility. Having obtained the systolic and diastolic pressure indicators, you need to use special calculation formulas that will allow you to calculate the average blood pressure.

Attention! The accuracy of measurements in healthcare settings may be reduced in people with white coat hypertension. This is a psychosomatic syndrome that causes an increase in blood pressure in patients in the presence of doctors or nurses. If such a psychological reaction is suspected, blood pressure should be measured independently or using the method of daily automatic monitoring.

Normal blood pressure

Each person's working blood pressure is individual! With age, it may increase slightly, but this is not considered a pathology.

Blood pressure - what is it? What blood pressure is considered normal?

According to generally accepted standards, human blood pressure is divided into:

optimal – 120/80 mm Hg. Art.;
normal – 130/85 mm Hg. Art.;
elevated – 135-139/85-89 mm Hg. Art.;
high – more than 140/90 mm Hg. Art.

State	Pressure norm
Needs attention	≥ 140/90
Medical attention required	≥ 150/95
Requires hospitalization and monitoring	≥ 170/100

With physical activity, blood pressure increases due to the needs of the body. Changes by 20 mm Hg. Art. in one direction or another is considered normal, but these data are not used in calculating SBP.

That is why you need to measure blood pressure only after 5 minutes of rest.

Doctors also recommend avoiding smoking and caffeine before the test, as they may affect the results.

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Prevention and recommendations

To keep blood pressure within normal limits, you should follow the recommendations of doctors:

Introduce a lot of fresh vegetables and fruits into your diet. They contain a large amount of vitamins and beneficial elements necessary for normal heart function. Complex carbohydrates will relieve the heart muscle.
Eat more fish and protein.
Minimize your consumption of coffee and black tea as they contain high amounts of caffeine.
Play sports, walk more in the fresh air.
Avoid sweets, as they lead to extra pounds and the development of pancreatic diseases.
Rest after a hard day should not be neglected; it is important that the body recovers from physical and mental stress.
Consume as many fermented milk products as possible. They help not only improve intestinal function, but also have a beneficial effect on the functioning of the heart.

To prevent a heart attack, doctors prescribe special medications. They help normalize blood pressure, improve blood circulation, strengthen blood vessels and improve the general condition of the patient. Medicines are prescribed only by a specialist. Self-medication is unacceptable.

Every person should know how to find average pressure. His indicators indicate his state of health. Deviations from the norm, as a rule, indicate the development of pathology. In this case, you should consult a doctor to undergo an examination and determine the reason for the change in values. If a disease is detected, adequate treatment should be started immediately.

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How to monitor your metrics

It is best to have your own blood pressure monitor at home and master the technique of measuring blood pressure. This is a simple procedure and anyone can learn it. The data obtained should be entered into a diary or table. There you can also briefly make notes about your health, heart rate, and physical activity.

Often arterial hypertension does not manifest itself by external signs until something provokes a crisis - a sharp increase in blood pressure. This condition has many life-threatening consequences, such as hemorrhagic stroke or heart attack. It is advisable to get into the habit of regularly measuring your blood pressure after 40-45 years. This will help significantly reduce the risk of developing hypertension.

Indications for use

The procedure is prescribed to patients who complain of:

fatigue;
headaches, dizziness;
decreased vision, spots before the eyes;
noise or ringing in the ears, stuffy ears.

ABPM can also be prescribed to a person who has no unpleasant symptoms, but when the doctor measures the blood pressure, it is elevated. The reason for this may be the “white coat” phenomenon: this is an individual characteristic that is expressed in a specific psychological reaction to doctors. A person with the “white coat” phenomenon begins to worry excessively during any medical procedures, so his blood pressure and heart rate increase. Measuring blood pressure and heart rate using daily monitoring allows us to exclude the influence of this phenomenon on the diagnosis.

Therapy for deviations in indicators

Adjusting your diet, moderate physical activity, and drug therapy will help return your blood pressure to normal values.
The diet is always agreed with the attending physician, because allergic reactions and chronic diseases can cause blood pressure imbalance.

Elevated systolic pressure readings are corrected by a healthy diet with a high content of vegetables, fruits, white meat, fish, dairy products, green and red tea in the menu.

Dishes made from complex carbohydrates will help increase diastolic pressure: durum pasta, cereals, whole grain bread. Physical activity should be dosed, with the exception of professional sports training, where the instructor monitors the athlete’s health indicators

Prolonged static postures lead to a decrease in blood pressure, so it is important to include dynamic breaks during the working day.

Medicines are prescribed from a minimum dose, and if necessary, the course is repeated with an increase or replacement of the drug. Therapy is carried out by a cardiologist or therapist, the choice depends on the severity and extent of the disease.

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